问题表征过程的一项研究

A STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM REPRESENTATION

问题表征是解决问题时理解问题的方式．本研究选用智力数学题为实验作业，通过详细分析３４名大学生被试的问题表征环节及他们问题解决的结果，探讨问题表征中的信息加工过程及其对问题解决结果的影响．实验结果表明：（１）正确的问题表征是解决问题的必要前提，在错误的或者不完整的问题空间中进行搜索不可能求得问题的正确解．（２）问题表征是对问题信息的提取和理解的过程，问题规则在问题表征中起重要作用．（３）在问题表征过程中，导致建构出错误的或者不完整的问题空间的因素包括：信息遗漏（未能将问题的有关信息全部提取出来），信息误解（对某些问题信息做了错误的分析和理解），隐喻干扰（问题信息中潜在的歧义性使被试困惑或误导被试的解题思路）等．

Problem representation is a means of understanding in solving problems. The experimental task of the current research involved an intellectual mathematics problem. By analyzing the results of 34 undergraduate students and the links in their problem representation, the process of problem representation and its effects on problem solving were investigated. The results showed that: (1) A correct problem representation is the prerequisite in problem solving, searching in wrong or incomplete problem space cannot reach the correct answer to the problem. (2) Problem representation is a process of abstracting and understanding the information contained in a problem, the problem rules are very important in problem representation. (3) In the process of problem representation, the factors leading to constructing a wrong or incomplete problem space include: information omitting (failing to abstract all the relative information from the problem), information misunderstanding (wrong analysis and misunderstanding of some problem information), metephor interference (the latent ambiguity of some problem information makes the subjects feel puzzled or has misled their direction of solution).