摘要
在中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站,采用“土柱称重法”对典型草原群落蒸发蒸腾进行实验观测,主要研究结果如下:1.草原沙地、羊草草原和河漫滩草甸是本地区差异明显的三种群落。草甸蒸腾最大(9.2mm·d ̄1).比另两种群落高2-3倍;草甸蒸发最小(0.4mm·d ̄1),约为沙地的1/4,草原的1/8。2.羊草草原在本区分布广,大针茅草原是本区半干旱地带性代表。由于这两种群落主要有关背景值的不同,羊草群落蒸散值(4.4-5.0mm·d ̄1)明显高于大针茅群落(3.5-3.8mm·d ̄1),而且羊草群落的T/E ̄1)值(~2)也明显大干大针茅(~1)。在生长季节中,羊草草原蒸散随气温升高而升高,在盛夏达最高值,然后随气温降低而降低。然而由于降雨变化的影响,羊草草原蒸发蒸腾的季节变化时而出现较大幅度的波动。3.根据1989年实测的降水和羊草群落蒸发蒸腾的季节变化,分析羊草群落的水分收支,可以看到实验区羊草草原的水分收支是大体平衡的。
Evapotranspiration from the 3 plant community-types was measured by the method of soil column at Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The 3 community-types were typical steppe communities on the zonal habitat dominated by Leymus chinen- sis or Stipa grandis,the Artemisia intramongolica community on the sand lan- ds,and the Agrostis alba meadow community on the river floodland.The results were as follows:1.The transpiration from the meadow community was the highest(9.2 mm·d ̄(-1)),being the 2-3 times of the other two communities;while the vaporation from the meadow was the lowest evaporation(0.4mm·d ̄(-1)),being only 1/4 of that from sandylands or 1/8 of that from steppe.2.A compartive measurement of the evapotraspiration from the two typ- ical steppe communities dominated by L. chinensis and S.grandis showed that the evapotranspiration from L. chinensis community(4.4-5.0mm·d ̄(-1))was hi- gher than that from S.grandis community(3.5-3.8mm·d ̄(-1)).Ratio of tran- spiration to evaporation(T/E) was also much higher in L.chincnsis commu- nity(=2)than in S.grandis community(=1).3.The seasonal chenge of evapotranspiration from L.chinensis commun- ity was in accordance with the change of air temperature; but showed a big flactuation due to change of rainfalls.The water budget of the community was aproximately balance.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1995年第4期319-328,共10页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家重大项目"建立我国北方草地主要类型优化生态模式和中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站开放台站科研基金资助"。
关键词
草原
植物群落
蒸发蒸腾
Evapotranspiration,steppe,Leymus chinensis community,Water budget