亏缺灌溉对日光温室番茄叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响

Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Yield of Tomato in Greenhouse

为探讨温室番茄节水栽培的适宜灌水量,以日光温室冬春茬番茄为试验材料,从定植缓苗后开始进行亏缺灌溉处理,至番茄收获完毕,共亏缺灌水6次,试验设每次灌水量300 m3/hm2(CK)、225 m3/hm2、150 m3/hm2和75 m3/hm2计4个处理,研究不同灌水量处理对番茄叶片叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用率的影响。结果表明:亏缺灌溉程度对番茄叶片叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用率均有极显著影响。在每次灌水量为75～300 m3/hm2范围内,随着灌水量的减少,番茄叶片叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ值均呈逐渐降低趋势,番茄产量逐渐下降,水分利用率逐渐提高。其中,每次灌水量225 m3/hm2处理的番茄叶片叶绿素荧光参数和产量均降低不明显,综合效益最高。对日光温室冬春茬番茄从定植缓苗后开始进行亏缺灌溉,每次灌水量为225 m3/hm2较适宜。

In order to research the suitable irrigation quantity of tomato in greenhouse under water-saving cultivation,the effects of different irrigation treatments on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of tomato were studied.From field planting to harvesting,there were 6 times deficit irrigation treatments,and four irrigation amount treatments were set incluidng 300 m3/hm2(CK),225 m3/hm2,150 m3/hm2 and 75 m3/hm2.The results showed that the deficit irrigation had a very significant influence on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,yield and water use efficiency.When the irrigation amount was 75-300 m3/hm2,with the decrease of irrigation amount,the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Fv/Fm and ΦPSⅡ value and tomato yield decreased gradually,but the water use efficiency improved gradually.When the irrigation amount for each time was 225 m3/hm2,the decreasing of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield was not obvious,and the comprehensive benefit was highest.Therefore,the irrigation amount for each time of 225 m3/hm2 was the best for tomato from field planting to harvesting in greenhouse.