自然保护区生态旅游影响评价:进展与启示

The Impact Assessment of Ecotourism in Nature Reserves: Progress and Implications

自然保护区有效管理日益成为学术界、政府部门和非政府组织关注的一个焦点。近年来,生态旅游的发展和管理已经成为自然保护区管理中不容回避的重要问题。因此,研究旅游发展对自然保护区的影响并以此为基础建立自然保护区生态旅游的标准或评价指标体系,对于自然保护区管理理论的完善和管理实践的科学化具有非常重要的意义。论文阐述了自然保护区生态旅游生态环境和社会经济影响评价研究的相关方法与主要进展,认为保护区内生态旅游的实际效果与理论期望之间存在很大差距,从而在实践中引发了种种问题,对中国自然保护区的管理具有很好的警示作用。在中国自然保护区数量快速增长和旅游发展热情高涨的形势下,应重点做好三方面工作:①加强自然保护区生态旅游研究;②加强自然保护区生态旅游的规划、管理和监测;③强化生态旅游的经济贡献。

The effective management of nature reserves has increasingly become the focus of atten-tion among researchers and governmental and nongovernmental organizations.The development and management of ecotourism thus also become a crucial issue in the management process of nature reserves and need to be treated seriously.Therefore,it is of great significance to the study of the impacts of ecotourism in nature reserves,and based upon which,to the establishment of criteria or an assessment index system for ecotourism in nature reserves for the theoretic advancement and scientification of practice of nature reserve management.This paper reviewed the methods and main progress of environmental and socioeconomic impact assessment researches on ecotourism in nature reserves,and noted that there was a considerable gap between actual effects and theoretical expectations of ecotourism,hence resulting in many practical problems.These can be treated as good warning signs for the management of nature reserves in China.Under the situation of the rapid increase in the number of nature reserves and great passion of ecotourism development in China,three tasks should be emphasized：1）to enhance the research on ecotourism in nature reserves;2）to strengthen planning,management and monitoring of ecotourism in nature reserves;and 3）to enlarge the economic contributions of ecotourism development in nature reserves.