认知的体验性对等值翻译的诠释

The Bodily Experiential Nature of Cognition and the Light It Sheds on Equivalence in Translation

人以“体认”的方式认识世界,心智离不开身体经验,作为心智的表征和对世界进行范畴化的工具的语言就具有体验性。语言结构映照着人类经验结构。人的生理结构以及所处环境的大致相似性决定了经验结构的相似性,这是翻译成为可能的认知基础。经验结构是一个丰富的意象图式网络。意象图式是人在认识世界的主客观互动中,外部世界的物理能量转换而成的心理事件,是我们经验和知识的抽象模式。因此思维带有具象性,这决定了信息的意码和形码的双重编码结构。翻译的过程即是以意象图式为媒介的、原文与译语文化意象之间的辨识和匹配。翻译中的“等值”只不过是经验结构的相似性。

Mankind perceives the outside world in embodied manner, which is why the mental is necessarily based on bodily experience. Language, the representation of the mind and the tool of conceptualization, both embodies and reflects the experiential structure of mankind. The similarity of human physiological structure and human habitat determines that human experiential structures are also similar to each other, which is the cognitive basis for translating. Image schema, on the other hand, is the abstract model of our experience and knowledge, which explains the imagistic character of thought and accounts for the double-encoding structure （visual code and semantic code） of information. Seen within this framework, translating is the process of identifying and matching cultural images between the source language and the target one, and the equivalence in translation is little more than a reflection of the similarity of human experiences.