中国2004年泥石流灾害特点及其对减灾的启示

Disaster Characteristics by Debris Flow in 2004, China and Hazard Reduction Countermeasures

分析了我国2004年成灾特点,大陆首次出现大规模的大风泥石流,在植被较好的地区仍然有泥石流发生,年内同一地区多次成灾增大了灾害损失,建筑选址不当是造成人员死亡的一个重要原因,低频性泥石流常造成严重灾害。受上述成灾特点的启示,提出在进行潜在泥石流判识时要慎重对待植被较好的区域,注重对低频泥石流的防范,在建筑物选址时应注意潜在泥石流危害,加强重大工程建设区泥石流灾害的预警,建立群测群防体系,进行监测预警,制定临灾预案,发展灾害保险业务以分担灾害风险等减灾对策。

In the year of 2004, debris flow in China had emerged with distinct characteristics, such as debris flows with typhoon occurred in the large scale in the mainland for the first time, surprisingly broke out at the locations with well vegetation, repeatedly appeared in the same area within one year so as to increase the casualty and property loss, disastrously happened around the construction sites resulting in mortality due to bad engineering grounds, and unexpectedly befallen by low frequency debris flow which leads to severe calamity. Learned from above experiences, some countermeasures for disaster reduction were reasonably put forward. As for well vegetation coverage area, the most consideration should be to discriminate the inactive debris flow, particularly low- frequency debris flow. With regards to the selection of construction site, the risk of potential debris flow should be deliberately referred to. To control debris flow in the key engineering construction ground, it is crucial to expand the capacity of forecasting and warning system, to establish systematic methodology of observation and prevention through the local communities, to proceed monitoring for forecasting and warning of the debris flow, to work out preparation programs for oncoming disaster, and to develop disaster- insurance service to reduce disaster risk.