突发性水污染事故预警应急系统构思

Concept of early-warning and emergency response system for sudden water pollution accident

提出了以预警应急系统应对突发性水污染事故的构想。在深入分析突发性水污染事故时空、污染范围和污染对象的不确定性、流域性、应急主体不明确等特点的基础上,构建突发性水污染事故预警应急系统体系,认为该系统应包括预警机制、应急机制和计算机辅助决策系统三个部分,并详细阐述危险源辨识、风险评价、应急原则、应急组织机构、应急分级、应急监测、应急处理方法等内容,同时分析了事故模拟的流程和数据库设计的要求。

The concept of the early-warning and emergency response system for sudden water pollution accidents is put forward herein. Based on the analysis on the characteristics of the sudden water pollution accidents in detail, such as the uncertainty of space-time, the polluted range and the suffered objects, the features of different fiver basins and the unclearness of the main subjects to respond urgently, the concept on the construction of the early-warning and emergency response system is made under the consideration of three parts-the early warning mechanism, the emergency mechanism and the computer-aiding decision system; for which the hazard resources distinguishing, risk appraisal and the emergency response principles with the relevant organization, classification, monitoring, treatment method etc. are described, and then the requirements of both the processing of the accident simulation and the database design are analyzed as well.