鼎湖山不同自然植被土壤动物群落结构时空变化

Preliminary investigation on temporal and spatial variation of structure of soil fauna community in different natural vegetations of Dinghushan

2001年10月～2002年8月采用大型改良干漏斗和手拣法对鼎湖山鼎湖山南亚热带典型常绿阔叶林、河岸常绿阔叶林、山地常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、沟谷常绿阔叶林和灌木草丛6种自然植被类型土壤动物群落结构时空变化进行初步调查.结果表明,蜱螨目(Acarina)和弹尾目(Collembo1a)为6种自然植被常年优势类群,缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)和双翅目(Diptera)幼虫则为常年常见类群.土壤动物群落类群和个体数量的消长规律分别是:10月=6月=8月＞4月＞2月=12月和4月＞10月＞6月＞8月＞2月＞12月.土壤动物个体数量总数依次为南亚热带典型常绿阔叶林＞河岸常绿阔叶林＞山地常绿阔叶林＞沟谷常绿阔叶林＞针阔混交林＞灌木草丛;不同月份、不同植被类型以及不同月份和不同植被类型之间土壤动物群落的组成具有较大变化,组成差异极显著(F=5.63,α=0.0001;F=11.08,α=0.0001;F=2.97,α=0.0001),不同类群之间个体数量差异极显著(F=102.38,α=0.0001),但月份间类群数差异不显著(F=0.50,α＞0.05).多样性分析表明,类群多样性和均匀性指数除南亚热带典型常绿阔叶林、山地常绿阔叶林12月最高外,其它则2月最高,优势度指数则相反;山地常绿阔叶林土壤动物群落多样性指数和均匀性指数最大,针阔混交林则最小.

Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, near the Tropic of Cancer, is one of the foremost national nature reserves in China. Its natural vegetation included Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, Ravine rain forest, Evergreen broad-leaved forest, Pine and broad-leaf mixed forest, River-banks forest and Shrubby grassland. From October 2001 to August 2002, the soil fauna communities were investigated by Modified Tullgren and Hand sorting methods in natural vegetation. The composition of groups, distribution, the number of individual and the diversity index of soil fauna were analyzed. The results showed that Acarina and Collembola were the dominant community, and Thysanoptera, Coleopter, Hymenoptera and Diptera （larva） were the common community in the year round. Among the 6 types of natural vegetation, the fluctuation of the number of order and individuals was separately： October = June = August 〉 April 〉 February = December and April 〉 October 〉 June August 〉 February 〉 December. The total number of the individuals and group of soil fauna were in order of Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest〉River-banks forest〉Evergreen broad-leaved forest 〉 Ravine rain forest 〉 Pine and broad-leaf mixed forest 〉 Shrubby grassland. By analysis of variance procedure, the result indicated that the soil fauna communities were significant to months （F = 5.63, a = 0. 0001 ）, vegetation （F = 11.08, a = 0. 0001 ） and months and vegetation （F = 2.97, a = 0. 0001 ）, and also to the number of individual at different communities （F= 102.38, a= 0. 0001 ）, while the groups were not significant among months （F= 0. 50,a〉0. 05）. The soil fauna diversity in different months and different natural vegetations was compared. The diversity index and the evenness index of Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and Mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest were the greatest in December, and others were the greatest in February, while the dominant index was in smallest. The most diversity index of the Mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest was the greatest, and the Pine and broad-leaf mixed forest was the smallest.