郑州市1970-2004年急性传染病流行趋势分析

Analysis on the Epidemic Trend of Acute Infectious Diseases from 1970 to 2004 in the City of Zhengzhou

目的对35年来郑州市传染病发病趋势进行分析,为卫生行政部门制定防制策略提供科学依据。方法收集全市历年传染病疫情报告资料,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果1970-2004年,全市传染病总报告发病率为455.12/10万;历年发病率波动在167.14/10万-3720.04/10万之间。20世纪80年代发病率呈直线下降趋势;90年代以来发病态势持续平稳。70年代以虫媒及自然疫源性传染病为主;80年代至90年代发病以肠道传染病为主;2000年以来传染病谱发生了明显变化,血源及性传播疾病发病率成倍上升,构成比占传染病发病总数的50.65%。肝炎、痢疾、肺结核、淋病、麻疹年均发病率2000年以来居各种传染病前5位。结论郑州市传染病自20世纪90年代以来发病率呈平稳态势。传染病谱构成由肠道传染病为主转为以血源及性传播疾病为主,提示郑州市应进一步加强血源及性传播疾病防治工作力度。

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in the past 35 years in the city of Zhengzhou to provide a scientific basis for health administrative departments formulating preventive and therapeutic strategies. Methods Data on the epidemic reports of infectious diseases over the 35 years were collected and analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results The total reported incidence rate from 1970 to 2004 in the whole city was 455.12/lakh. The incidence rate over the years fluctuated between 167.14/lakh and 3720.04/lakh. The rate was in a linear decrease in 1980s.Since 1990s, the situation had remained in a stable state. Insect-borne and natural infectious diseases prevailed in 1970s and enteric infectious diseases were predominant from 1980s to 1990s. But overt changes in the spectrum of infectious diseases took place since 2000, with blood-borne infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases doubling, accounting for 50.65% of total cases of infectious diseases. The mean annual incidence of hepatitis, dysentery, pulmonary tuberculosis, gonorrhea and measles since 2000 fell into the top five in the list of all infectious diseases. Conclusion The incidence rate of infectious diseases in Zhengzhou city has remained in a stable state since 1990s.The spectrum of infectious diseases has changed from predominant enteric infectious diseases to prevailing blood-borne infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases, indicating that the prevention and treatment of blood-borne infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases should be reinforced in the city of Zhengzheou.