职业女性健康知识知晓情况的调查与分析

Health knowledge,attitudes and practice among career women

目的了解职业女性目前的健康意识及健康知识知晓情况,为进行有针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对调查对象进行自编统一问卷调查,将所有的数据运用SPSS 11.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果该人群健康意识较强,98.7%的人知道健康是属于自己的;健康新概念知识的知晓率普遍较低,四大健康基石知晓率为13.9%,合理营养与平衡膳食原则知晓率为14.5%,世界卫生组织提出的身体“五快”(快吃、快语、快行、快睡、快便)只有14.3%的人知道;慢性病知识知晓率超过半数,但血压超过哪个值疑似高血压有45.0%不知道;医科大学教师普遍比其他职业健康知识知晓率高。结论虽然职业女性健康意识较强,但总的健康知识知晓率不高,根据女性的不同职业特点进行有针对性的健康教育势在必行。

Objective To survey the health knowledge, attitudes and practice among career women. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 340 career women in Harbin, aged 18-59 years, 224 married and 69 unmarried, 70.7% being of the level of higher education, 116 of them （36.8%） with a more than 20 years＇ standing, 90 （28.6%） with a standing of 10-20 years, 84 （26.7%） with a standing of 45 years, and 25 （7.9%） with a standing of 6-10 yeats, 19.2% persons being with a BMI〉24 of which 88.7% being over 35 yeats old, 84 being teachers of institutions of higher education, 92 engineers, and 139 workers, by random cluster sampling. Results 98.7% of the respondents believed that health belongs to themselves ＇. 52.1% of them believed that they were in the sub-health status. The correct answer ratios about the knowledge contained in the questions themselves were rather high. The overall knowledge rate was the highest among the teachers of medical colleges, followed by among the engineers and workers. However, less than 15% of them knew the modem health conceptions, such as balanced diet, “Five fast” of physical health, and “The 4 Cornerstones of health ”. 53.7% of them didn＇t know the value of blood pressure suggesting hypertension. 28.3% of the respondents received physical examination more than 3 years, 28.6% of them never had physical examination. No one actively received regular examination. Only 39 of them （12.4%） knew the relation of age of menarche and climacteric, and 21.9% of them did not know that smoking could induce osteoporosis, breast cancer and moving up of climacteric. The occupational females under 30 considered that the stress they felt mainly came from work （61.3%）, and those over 30 considered that the stress came mainly from family （45.1% ） and work （ 36.8 % ）. Conclusion Having rather strong healthy consciousness, the career women still lack necessary health knowledge.