基于生态足迹的资源节约型发展初探——以杭州市为例

Study on Resource-saving Development Based on Ecological Footprint-Taking Hangzhou City as an Instance

文章论述了生态足迹与资源节约型发展的关系。应用生态足迹理论和方法,深入分析了杭州市消费足迹、生态承载力以及生态赤字的动态变化趋势、资源消费结构和资源利用集约度,并与全球及中国不同发展阶段地区进行了详细的比较。总结出资源利用与经济发展的一般性结论:在现有资源利用模式下,经济越发展,资源消费需求越大,资源集约利用程度越高,要求对生态系统的补偿越多。实行资源节约型发展是解决社会经济发展资源瓶颈制约的必然选择。文章最后针对杭州市未来社会经济发展与资源利用特征的发展趋势,以生态足迹理论为基础,并结合可持续评价的ImPACTS等式,提出了杭州市实行资源节约型发展的应对措施。

This paper,taking ecological footprint as its theoretic base,studied the resource use stat-us of Hangzhou.At the same time,the world,China and other places in different development phases were selected as a comparison for comprehensively understanding the relationship between resource use and economic development.The result suggested that：（1）from 1991 to 2002, the ecological footprint consumption of the selected areas （except the world） showed an increasing trend in general.For Hangzhou,it increased from 1.063 2 global hm2 per capita in 1991 to 1.818 1 global hm2 per capita in 2000,and then decreased to 1.770 9 global hm2 per capita in 2002. （2）From 1991 to 2002,the ecological capacity of all selected areas showed a decreasing trend.For Hangzhou,it decreased from 0.725 6 global hm^2 per capita in 1991 to 0.6130 global hm^2 per capita in 2002. （3）Because the ecological footprint consumption went beyond the ecological capacity,all the selected areas appeared ecological deficit,Hangzhou＇s ecological deficit increased from 0.337 6 global hm^2 per capita in 1991 to 1.157 9 global hm2 per capita in 2002. （4）For all the selected areas,the energy footprint made a big share of the ecological footprint consumption.For Hangzhou,the share is 59.48%.（5）At the aspect of resource use efficiency,Hangzhou created 4 140 U.S.dollars of GDP per global hmZ,which is 39.96% of the country＇s income and 67.49% of the global＇s.By contrasting,the general conclusion between resource use and economic development can be drawn：under the current resource use model,the more the economy developed,the more the resource consumed,the more intensive the resource used and the more investment needed to compensate the eco-system.So,the selection of the resource-saving development model is the only way for Hangzhou to resolve the resource bottleneck problem of the social and economic development.Finally,this paper, aiming at the development trend between the socio-economic development and resource use and combining with the sustainable assessment equation of ImPACTS,put forward some policies concerning resource-saving development in Hangzhou.