中国栽培稻遗传多样性中心和起源研究

Study on the Center of Genetic Diversity and Its Origin of Cultivated Rice in China

本研究对中国栽培稻6个地理分布群的70 0份古老地方栽培品种进行9个多态性等位酶基因位点的遗传多样性分析。结果表明籼稻和粳稻的平均基因多样性均以云南最大,淮河上游次之,黄河以北最小。中国栽培稻有3个遗传多样性中心:云南,长江中游—淮河上游,华南。长江中游—淮河上游可能是中国栽培稻的起源中心。结合考古学资料及前人的工作,认为云南不是中国栽培稻的起源中心,而可能是中国起源中心衍生的一个次生中心并受到南亚中心的强烈影响。

Seven hundred rice landraces which were distributed in six geographic groups in China were analysed using nine isozyme loci. The results showed that the genetic diversity of rice was the most in Yunnan, secondly in the Huaihe River. We suggested that there are three centers of genetic diversity for Chinese cultivated rice, i.e. Yunan, the upper reaches of the Huaihe River-the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China. The center of origin of Chinese cultivated rice is probably in the middle reaches of the the Yangtze River-the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. Combining with the data of archaeology and other former results, we propose that Yunnan is not the center of origin of Chinese cultivated rice but probably is the secondary center which was strongly influenced by the center of origin of South Asia cultivated rice.