1Levine RA. Doppler color mapping of the proximal flow convergence region: a new quantitative physiologic tool[J]. J Am Coil Cardlol, 1991,18(3):833-836.
2Gardin JM,Doppler color flow proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) an alternative method for estimating volume flow across narrowed orifices, regurgitant valves, and instracardiac shunt lesions[J]. Echcardiography, 1992,9(1): 39-42.
3Rivera JM,Vandervoort PM,Thoreau DH,et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation with the proximal flow convergence method: A clinical study[J]. Am Heart J, 1992,124(5): 1289-1296.
7KOELLING T M, AARONSON K D, CODY R J, et al. Prognostic significance of mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunc- tion[J]. Am Heart J, 2002, 144(3) : 524-529.
8REN J F, AKSUT S, LIGHTY G W, et al. Mitral valve re- pair is superior to valve replacement for the early preservation of cardiac function: relation of ventricular geometry to func- tion[J]. Am Heart J, 1996, 131(5): 974-981.
9MELE D, SCHWAMMENTHAL E, TORP H, et al. A semiautomated objective technique for applying the proximal isovelocity surface area method to quantitate mitral regurgita- tionclinical studies with the digital flow map[J]. Am Heart J, 2001, 141(4), 653-660.
10SITGES M, JONES M. Real-time three-dimensional color Doppler evalution of the flow convergence zone for quantifica- tion of mitral regurgitation: validation experimental animal study and initial clinical experience[J]. J Am So Echocardio, 2003,16(1)38-45.