构建新型危险化学品安全管理体制

Construct a New Safety Management System for Dangerous Chemicals

随着我国经济的快速发展,危险化学品事故频频发生。现行危险化学品安全管理体制存在漏洞是其主要原因。笔者认为现行危险化学品安全管理体制主要存在5个方面不足:管理体制与市场经济体制不符;行业管理未能实现;中介作用没有发挥;工会维权力量薄弱;公众参与严重不足等。为此,建议建立政府、市场和民众相互协调的危险化学品安全管理体制,即“政府监管、市场调节和社会监督”。其中,政府监管包括政府管理和国家监督,市场调节包括企业责任和中介服务,社会监督包括员工维权和公众参与。

With the rapid development of economy, accidents due to dangerous chemicals occurred more frequently in China, the main cause of which is the defects in the management system for dangerous chemicals. After analysis, five aspects of defects are existing i.e. 1） the management system does not comply with the market economy, 2） the guild management of chemical plants has not been realized, 3） the effect of intermediary has not been brought into full play, 4） it＇s difficult for labor union to defend the rights of workers, and 5） little attention is paid to public participation in safety management. A new management system is suggested including inspection by government, adjustment by market, and supervision by society, There is a conditional relation among them. In this management system, 1） government inspection includes normal safety management and supervision, 2） chemical plants are the main body of safety management, and intermediary is the important makeup of the market methods, and 3） social supervision includes safeguard of the labors＇ rights and public participation.