绞股蓝氮磷钾肥效反应模式研究

Study on Response Model of N, P, K Fertilizer in Gynostemma pentaphyllum

采用N、P、K三因素二次D饱和最优设计,在陕西安康平利绞股蓝药源基地进行了绞股蓝氮、磷、钾 肥效田间试验,结合试验点的土壤肥力水平,求得了绞股蓝N、P、K的肥效反应主程,提出了绞股蓝不同用药 部位的N、P、K合理配比和肥料用量。绞股蓝地上部分目标年均产量在3 900-4 600 kg／hm2的施肥量为N 158．05～222．36 kg／hm2,P2O51．915～116．10 kg／hm2,K2O104．06～170．134 kg／hm2。绞股蓝地下根茎目 标产量在900～1200 kg／hm2的施肥量为N 102．88～1 89．02 kg／hm2,P2O5 60．98～100．49 kg／hm2,K2O 152． 31～194．34 kg／hm2。分析N、P、K对绞股蓝生长发育和产量的影响作用,结果表明:不同药用部位的需肥特点 虽不相同,但N、P、K均表现为正效应,都能促进绞股蓝产量的提高,但不能过量。对二因素交互作用分析发 现,NP反应为负,NK反应为正,PK反应为正。说明化学肥料必须在一定限度下以合理的比例施用,否则会造 成减产。

The optimum design of three factors of D-saturation design plan of N, P, K was adopted in the experiment. The field experiment was conducted in the Jiaogulan base of Pingli county Shaanxi province. The response N, P, K of different fertilizer rate of different medicinal part in the same soil condition was obtained. According to the response equations the optimum amount of N, P, K fertilizer were obtained. Fertilizer amount of N, P, K was N 158.05～222.36 kg/hm2,P2O51. 915～116.10 kg/hm^2, K2O 104.06～170. 134 kg/hm^2 in Jiaogulan up part average target yield at 3 900～ 4 600 kg/hm^2 in one year. Fertilizer amount of N, P, K was N 102.88～189.02 kg/hm^2,P2O560.98～100. 49 kg/hm^2, K2O 152.31～194. 34 kg/hm^2 in Jiaogulan down part average target yield at 900～1200 kg/hm^2 in one year. Analyzed N, P, K influence to Jiaogulan growth and yield. Although the characteristic of jiaogulan fertile necessity is different in different position, it showed that N, P, K can promote increasing of Jiaogulan yield, but it is limited. NP is negative. NK is positive PK is opositive from two factors mutual function. It showed that chemical fertilizer must be used in fixed limitations and right percentage. Otherwise the yield will be reduced.