影响图式归纳和类比迁移的三因素实验研究

An Experimental Study on Three Factors Affecting Schema Induction and Analogical Transfer

该研究探讨被试的认知风格、源问题结构的清晰度及两个源问题间内容的相似性三者对图式归纳和类比迁移的影响。实验采用2×2×2的三因素完全随机设计。结果显示:(1)源问题图式表征的质量受到被试认知风格和源问题结构的清晰度两个变量的影响;(2)类比迁移的成绩只受到源问题结构清晰度的影响;(3)结构清晰的条件下,两类被试图式表征的质量无明显差异;结构不清晰的条件下,两类被试图式表征的质量出现明显差异。

The paper deals with three factors＇ influence on schema induction and analogical transfer. The three factors include cognitive style, the clearness of problem structure, content similarity. The experiment adopted a three-factor randomized design. The result showed： （1） Both cognitive style and the clearness of problem structure influenced the quality of schema representation. （2） The scores of analogous transfer were only affected by the clearness of problem structure. （3） The quality of schema representation had no significant difference between field independent and dependent subjects on the condition of well-organized structure. But difference was found on the condition of ill-organized structure.