文物返还问题的法律思考

A Legal Consideration on the Returning of Cultural Relics

文物流失既是一个历史遗留问题,又是一个严重的现实问题。追索海外流失文物一直为我国政府和民间所关注。按照国际公约和国内法的规定,战争时期移出的文物以及被盗和非法出口文物的返还可以根据不同情况采取公法解决方式和私法解决方式,但是由于公约适用的时间和空间范围的限制以及文物返还受制于国内法的规定,追索海外流失文物仍然存在着较大的法律障碍。

The drain on the cultural property is both a historical problem and a realistic one with gravity. In China government and the common people are deeply concerned of all efforts made to recover the drained cultural property. Basing on concerned international conventions and domestic law, recovering the cultural property in the event of armed conflict and the stolen or illegally exported culrural objects by way of public law and private law, moreover, there are the legal obstacles of recovering and figures out the main factors ： the limited scope of validity of international conventions in territory and time, and the application of the domestic law to recovery of the drained cultural property .