城市产业战略的若干理论及应用——以上海市嘉定区产业定位为例

A study on the theories of urban industry strategy making and their application:A case on Jiading District,Shanghai

城市产业的战略定位关系着城市发展的成败,现有产业定位在理论上主要依据比较优势理论(绝对优势论、比较优势论、机会成本说)或比较优势理论的延伸(区域分工理论)。事实上,随着全球化进程的推进,跨国公司可以在全球范围内组织资源,原有的基于特殊生产要素的比较优势逐渐衰退,而内涵更广的竞争优势越来越成为决定一个城市发展成功与否的关键。而且现有产业定位研究在对象层面上以区域为主,随着全球化城市网络体系的形成,区域之间的竞争越来越体现为城市之间的竞争,因此对城市产业定位的研究更显重要。文章将对产业定位的已有若干理论进行回顾总结,并引入竞争优势理论、新贸易理论和城市化阶段理论,提出城市产业定位的区域视角、竞争视角、城市化视角等的一般方法。并以上海嘉定的产业定位为例,阐述上述理论的具体实践。

Urban industry strategy -making is very important to urban development. Present studies on industry selection mainly go on the comparative advantage theory or its derivative theory. But, in fact, under the rapid development of globalization, multinationals can organize its resources in the whole world. Comparative advantages based on some special local resources cannot limit multinationals production any more. And the competitive advantages play more and more important role in urban development. Furthermore, the present study objects on industry selection are mostly regions but not cities, whereas the competition among regions is gradually replaced by competition among cities. So more attention should be paid to the study on urban industry selection. This paper will review present theories on industry selection, and introduce new theories： competitive theory, new trade theory and urbanization theory into industry selection. And the paper also gives a case study on industry selection of Jiading, Shanghai.