神经内科住院患者跌倒的危险因素分析与对策

Analysis on Risk Factors of Neurological Inpatients’ Tumble and Related Countermeasures

目的探讨神经内科患者发生跌倒的危险因素并制定相应的护理对策.方法对21例住院患者跌倒事件进行回顾性分析.结果发现神经内科住院患者跌倒的内在因素有高龄、躯体移动障碍、意识障碍、认知障碍、眩晕发作、跌倒病史、低血糖反应和体位性低血压;跌倒发生的外在因素有药物因素和环境因素,易发生跌倒的时间主要集中在2个时间段:15:00～21:00和0:00～7:00,易发生跌倒的地点主要在病床旁和厕所.结论医院的布局及设施应合理;加强在职护士预防跌倒相关知识的培训;制定住院患者个体化的安全护理计划;做好健康教育.

Objective To explore the risk factors of neurological inpatients＇ tumble and related countermeasures. Methods The events of neurological inpatients＇ tumble were analyzed retrospectively. Results The internal factors affecting neurological inpatients＇ tumble were senility, moving disorder, consciousness disorder, cognitive disorder, dizziness, history of tumble, hypoglycemic reaction, and postural hypotension. External factors included drugs and environment. Tumble was often occurred at 15：00 - 21：00 and 0 ： 00- 7 ： 00. Patients were often tumbled at bedside and in washroom. Conclusions Layout of hospital should be optimized. Nurses should receive training about how to prevent inpatients＇ tumble and formulate individualized safety nursing plans for inpatients. Health education should be conducted too.