论债权总则给付障碍法的体系进路

Systematic approach of default in performance in general debt law of civil code

给付障碍法,也就是通常所称的债务不履行或者违约,是民法典债法总则中的核心法律制度。传统上一般以障碍原因为给付障碍法律体系的构成进路。积极侵害债权的出现和缔约过失责任范围的扩大则预示了传统进路体系上的断裂和缺陷。而现代意义上的法律效果进路(又称救济进路)正是在这一背景下产生的:无论是当前在国际上采用的《联合国买卖法》或者是《国际商事合同原则》,又抑或是区域性质的《欧洲合同法原则》,又抑或是民族国家的《德国现代化债法》,全部都采取的是这一体系进路。未来的中国民法典也应当采取这一无需再行检验的现代“经典”进路。

The law of default in performance, also non-performance or breach of contract, is a central institution in general debt law of civil code, and traditional takes the cause approach. Positive breach of contract and culpa in contrahendo prefigure systematic breaches and defects in the traditional approach. In the background, the remedy approach is created. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods （CISG）, the Principles of International Commercial Contracts （PICC）, the Principles of European Contract Law （PEC） and the New Debt Law of German Civil Code, take the systematic approach. The future Chinese Civil Code should take the modem ＂classic＂ approach.