“三世”概念与“善恶报应”——佛教中国化的一个范例分析

The Concept of "Three Periods" and "Retribution for Good and Evil" -An Exemplificative Analysis Of the Path Of Buddhist Thoughts in China

印度佛教中的“三世”说和因果报应论是对中国人的宗教思想和信仰产生重大影响的理论。然而中国佛教的因果报应论已经不再是原本意义上的印度佛教思想,其中掺杂了大量的中国传统思想。本文考察印度佛教的三世概念、因果报应论与中国灵魂论和善恶报应思想的融合过程,并试图通过佛教的中国化过程来说明佛教理论的变化与发展。

In the Indian Buddhism, the doctrines of “the three periods （trayo-dhvana）” “retribution for sin （karma）” is the significant influential theory to Chinese＇s religious thought faith. But the Chinese Buddhism＇s theory of retribution for good and evil is already not any more the original Indian Buddhistical thought, and it is blended with massive Chinese traditional thoughts. This article inspects the fusion process between the doctrines of the three periods, of the retribution for sin in Indian Buddhism, and the doctrines of the retribution for good and evil, of the psyche in the Chinese traditional thought, and attempts through the evolutional sequence and theoretical path of Buddhist thoughts in China to explain the change and the development of Buddhism＇s theory.