杉木种子园自由授粉子代遗传变异及优良遗传型选择

Genetic Variations of Seed Orchard Open-pollinated Progenies and Selection of Superior Genotypes of Chinese fir

以福建邵武卫闽国有林场营造的杉木种子园自由授粉子代测定林为试验材料，对25年生的试验林进行系统测定，探讨了家系生长性状、木材基本密度、本材红心材比率、彤质性状的遗传变异规律，并进行了相关性分析。结果表明：杉木种子园自由授粉子代家系在树高、胸径、材积性状上存在显著差异；木材基本密度在家系水平上存在较小差异，而在个体水平上差异较大，木材红心材比率在家系、个体水平上差异都很大；参试家系在树干通直度、圆满度，分枝角等形质性状上差异不大，在树皮率指标上存在很大变异。家系生长性状与木材红心材比率呈显著至极显著的正相关关系，但与木材基本密度相关性很小；生长性状与树皮率指标问存在极显著的负相关关系。进行杉木优良家系选择时在早期（4年生）以树高指标采用较低的选择强度进行选择，到了中期（7～10年生）以中等选择强度进行选择，到了后期（18年生左右）以较高的选择强度进行决选。从参试的63个杉木自由授粉子代家系中选出生长、材性、形质性状兼优的优良家系7个、优良个体12株。

Genetic variations and correlations between growth traits, wood basic density, wood red core rate,form and quality traits of families were studied based on 25-year-old seed orchard open pollinated progeny test of Chinese fir established at Weimin National Forest Farm of Shaowu in 1979. The results showed that there were very significant differences among families in tree height, DBH and stem volume,some differences among families in wood basic density,wood red core rate, stem straightness, stem fatness, branch angle and stem bark rate. Based on the correlative analysis, the correlations between growth traits and wood red core rate were very plus close but the correlations between growth traits and stem bark rate were very minus close. The early selection for Chinese fir could be carried out at 4 year-old with a low selection intensity for tree height and the final selection could be carried out at 18-year-old with a high selection intensity for stem volume. According to the synthetical analysis, 7 superior families and 12 superior individuals with good performance in growth,wood property, form and qulity traits were selected from 63 open-pollinated families tested.