部分市售食品中总黄曲霉毒素污染的监测结果

Surveillance on contamination of total aflatoxins in corn, peanut, rice, walnut and pine nut in several areas in China

目的了解我国部分食品(玉米、花生、大米、核桃、松子)中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的污染情况,为国家食品限量标准及国际相应控制规范的制定提供基本科学依据。方法2003年10月从重庆、福建、广东、广西、湖北、江苏、上海、浙江等地区共采集市售玉米、花生、大米、核桃、松子等样品284份。碾磨后经乙腈/水提取、过滤,提取液净化后,经三氟乙酸衍生,进行高效液相色谱测定。结果玉米中黄曲霉毒素的检出率为70·27%,平均含量为36·51μg/kg,最高为1098·36μg/kg,并有14·86%的玉米样品中黄曲霉毒素B1含量超出国家限量标准。花生中黄曲霉毒素的检出率为24·24%,平均含量为80·27μg/kg,最高为437·09μg/kg,且有3·03%的花生样品中黄曲霉毒素含量超出国家及国际食品法典限量标准。大米、核桃、松子的污染情况较轻,全部符合国家限量标准。结论玉米和花生是我国受黄曲霉毒素污染的主要食品。食品中黄曲霉毒素B1并不能全面代表总黄曲霉毒素的污染情况。进行食品中总黄曲霉毒素的污染监测,对国家制定食品限量标准及国际相应控制规范具有重要的现实意义。

Objective To realize the contamination of total aflatoxins in corn, peanut, rice, walnut and pine nut in China, and provide the base data for establishing a China tolerance limit standard and an international control practice for total aflatoxins. Methods The samples of corn, peanut, rice, walnut and pine nut from Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang provinces and municipalities were collected randomly from markets, with the totally 284 samples. The samples were grounded and added to acetonitrile/water mixture. After filtering, the extract was transferred into a purifying column and pressed slowly. Then the purified liquid was derivatizated with trifluoroacetic acid （TFA） and detected by using a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results There was 70. 27% corn having been detected out an average level of aflatoxins of 36. 51μg/kg and the highest level was 1098. 36μg/kg. At the same time, there was 14. 86% corn exceeding the China national tolerance limit. In peanut, the aflatoxins detected rate was 24. 24%. The average level was 80.27 μg/kg and the highest level was 437. 09 μg/kg. While there was 3.03% peanut exceeding the China national and Codex tolerance limits. All of the rice, walnut and pine nut samples met the China tolerance limit for aflatoxins. Conclusion Corn and peanut might be the severely contaminated foods with aflatoxins in China. The aflatoxin B, in foods might be can not delegate the contamination of aflatoxins completely. Surveillance of total aflatoxins in foods suggested an actual need of establishing the China national and international standards for total aflatoxins.