旅游对张家界国家森林公园土壤酶及微生物作用强度的影响

Studies on the Effect of Recreational Activities on Soil Enzyme and Microbial Activities in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

为了探明旅游对张家界国家森林公园土壤生物性状的影响,为保护土壤生态平衡,合理开发生态旅游提供理论依据,进行了旅游人为踩踏对土壤酶及微生物作用强度的影响研究。结果表明:背景区土壤的酶活性>缓冲区土壤的酶活性>活动区土壤的酶活性。背景区土壤的氨化作用强度与微生物活度>缓冲区土壤的氨化作用强度与微生物活度>活动区土壤的氨化作用强度与微生物活度,而硝化作用强度的变化则正相反。旅游显著影响了0～5cm土壤的酶活性及微生物作用强度;在5～15cm土壤和15～25cm土壤层中,背景区和缓冲区的酶活性和微生物作用强度差异不显著,而与活动区的差异显著。有机质分解相关的微生物氨化作用强度、纤维素酶活性、木聚糖酶活性、蛋白酶活性的影响主要是由于土壤有机质的投入减少而造成,而硝化作用强度则主要与踩踏引起的土壤板结造成亚硝酸盐的积累有关,踩踏严重,硝化作用强度大。不同土壤层的微生物作用强度及酶活性强弱是:0～5cm土壤>5～15cm土壤>15～25cm土壤。张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物作用强度及酶活性受到了人为踩踏的破坏,生态系统抵御外界干扰的能力也受到了旅游活动的破坏。

Ecological environment can be destroyed by all kinds of recreation activities,such as animal-feeding and people＇s touching. In order to probe into the effect of visitors＇ activities on soil biological properties and provide useful suggestion for ecological recreation,studies on soil microbial and enzyme activities of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were conducted.The results showed that the soil enzyme activities in control zone were the highest,and the soil enzyme activities in buffer zone were the moderate,and the soil enzyme activities in active zone were the lowest.The soil ammonification intensities and microbial activities were：the control zone 〉buffer zone 〉active zone.The soil nitrification intensities were：the active zone〉buffer zone〉control zone. The microbial activities and enzyme activities in 0-5cm soil was affected prominently by recrea- tional activities.The results also showed that microbial and enzyme activities in 5-15cm soil and 15-25cm layer soil from control zone and buffer zone were not affected prominently by recreational activities,but were different prominently from active zone.The ammonification intensities, cellulase activities,xylanase activities and protease activities, which were associated to the decomposition of organic matter,were mainly affected by the quantities of organ matter.The nitification intensities were mainly affected by soil physical and chemical properties,which could improve the nitrite content.The soil microbial and enzyme activities were：0-5cm〉5-15cm〉15- 25cm.All these results showed that the soil microbial and enzyme activities in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were destroyed,and it＇s necessary to take measures to protect Zhangjiajie National Forest Park from being destroyed.