中国大陆秸秆露天焚烧的量的估算

Estimating the Quantity of Crop Residues Burnt in Open Field in China

根据2001年-2003年各省市农作物的产量和谷草比值。计算了全国和各省市农业秸秆的总量，全国农业秸秆产生量约6×10^8t／年，其中稻谷、小麦、玉米3种秸秆共占总量的76％左右；结合各地区所处气候带、农村生活水平、植被覆盖现状和各种农作物的主要产量等，预估了农业秸秆被露天焚烧的比例，为0—50％，并由此计算了各年份我国大陆农业秸秆被露天焚烧的总量厦各省市的清单，并进一步细化到县、区级行政区，使用地理信息系统给出了0．2°×0．2°的单位面积秸秆被露天焚烧量的分布图。研究表明，由于经济发展水平和生活习惯的不同，农业秸秆被露天焚烧的量在地区间的分布不均衡，量较大的包括华东、东北地区的各省市；单位面积秸秆被露天焚烧的量较高的地区由东北至华东呈带状分布。最后，提出了控制秸秆露天焚烧的措施。

Burning crop residue in the field after harvesting, as a way of disposing the waste, is a common practice in China, and exist mainly in three kinds of regions： grain-producing regions with a small population density such as Jilin and Heilongjiang; developed regions such as Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu; energy producing regions such as Shanxi. It has resulted in many serious and urgent problems including air pollution, transportation problem, soil quality, fertility degradation, and so on. Total amount of crop residue was calculated based on statistics of crop output from 2001 to 2003 and crop-toresidue ratios. The quantity of crop residue is about 6× 10^8 t/a; rice, wheat and corn residues account for 76% of the total. The proportion of residue burnt in open field in each province ranges from 0 to 50% according to the data of living standards, climate zones and production sites at each province. Total quantity of crop residue burnt in recent years in China is about 1.6 × 10^8 t/a, and the largest contribution is from Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Hebei, and Heilongjiang, most of which are in the eastern China due to the higher income of peasant and the higher rural population density. As a case, the spatial grid with resolution of 0.2°× 0.2° shows the distribution of crop residue burnt in China in 2003. The results show a significant differences among regions： the provinces in East China and Northeast China contribute to a higher proportion of residue burnt in open air, and the proportions in western China and Inner Mongolia are lower due to a lower rural population density and lower economic development level. The regions with a higher proportion concentrate in a belt across major agricultural zone, from Northeast China to East China. At last, some suggestions on how to decrease crop residue burnt in China are put forward. In order to lessen the effect on environmental quality, open burning must be prohibited, and a long-term mechanism should be set up. The strategy should include administrative and legal management approaches, as well as economic and technical methods.