青少年优秀拳击运动员身体成分生理机能相对指标特征与聚类分析

An analysis of characteristics and classification of relative indices of physical compositions and physiological functions of excellent teenage boxers

通过对5个民族11名15～17岁拳击运动员15项身体成分、生理机能指标测定，与同一运动学校由多民族组成的足球、中长跑、射击项目同龄运动员5项身体成分指标和4项生理机能指标（x±s）作差异显著性检验。检验结果显示：拳击运动员具有肌肉发达、等长瘦体重大和等长负荷脂肪量较大的特征。生理机能指标表现为肺活量绝对值大，肺活量／体重相对低（但差异无显著性意义）。说明青少年拳击运动员的体质偏向力量和耐力力量型。对其7项身体成分、生理机能派生指标作了聚类分析。结果显示：重量比率类、身高等重量类、呼吸机能类相对指标间有明显的类型特征，并存在一定的内在联系。

By measuring 15 indices of physical compositions and physiological functions of 11 ages 15 - 17 boxers from 5 nationalities, and by performing the test of significance of difference between the said indices and 5 indices of physical compositions ＆ 4 indices of physiological functions （ x ± s ） of athletes who were at the same age, trained for soccer, middle and long distance race and shooting events in the same sports school, and consisting of muhiple nationalities, the authors revealed the following findings： The boxers were characterized with better developed musclcs,a heavier body weight as per the same height and physique, and a higher fat content as per the same height and load; in terms of indices of physiological functions, they had absolutely higher vital capacity, and a relatively lower ratio of vital capacity to body weight （but the difference has no meaning of significance） ; it was shown that the physical constitution of teenage boxers were prone to strength type and strength stamina type. The author also analyzed the classification of 7 derivative indices of physical compositions and physiological functions, and revealed the following findings： Obvious type characteristics and a certain intrinsic linkage existed in between relative indices in weight ratio category, height/weight category, and respiratory function category.