运程学习者特征模型的构建研究

Study on Modeling the Characteristics of Distance Learners

中国现代远程教育发展的规模不断扩大,参与学习的远程学习者已达230多万人。由于学习者具有何种特征对课程资源和学习支持两个方面工作的开展都具有重大影响,因此探究远程学习者的特征,可以使远程教学活动更加适应于远程学习者的实际需求和具体情况,从而最终保障远程教育可持续地科学发展。本文首先对远程学习者特征、自我效能感和远程学习策略等概念进行界定,然后根据人的发展由“内源”和“外源”共同作用的基本理论,考察远程学习者特征模型组成的特征成分．即人口学特征、支持性特征、动力特征、策略特征,并尝试提出远程学习者特征的理论模型,对远程学习者特征进行了较为深入的理论研究。

With the development of modern distance education in China, there are over 2 millions distance learners. In order to match the arrangement of teaching and learning activities with actual needs and realities of distance learners, and thus guarantee a better durable and scientific development of distanced education in China, it is necessary to explore and study the characteristics of distance learners, which have significant effect on courses development and learner support. This paper clarified some relevant key concepts, such as learner＇ s characteristics, self efficacy and online learning strategy, introduced a theoretical framework called Bernice Neugarten theory, and explored the topic from demographical, support, motivational and strategic perspectives. Based on the research, a tentative model on 7 studying the characteristics of distanced learners has been set up.