关于民国乡村建设运动的几个问题

Several Issues on the Rural Construction Movement in the Republican Period

上世纪二三十年代兴起的乡村建设运动是一场社会改良运动,即在维护现存社会制度和秩序的前提下,采用和平的方法,通过兴办教育、改良农业、流通金融、提倡合作、公共卫生和移风易俗等措施,以复兴日趋衰落的农村经济,实现所谓“民族再造”或“民族自救”。这种改良性质并不意味着乡村建设运动就无意义可言,首先,乡村建设运动的兴办教育、改良农业、流通金融、提倡合作、公共卫生和移风易俗等内容,对于解决农民尤其是自耕农的生产生活困难、推动社会进步起过一定的积极作用;其次,一些实验区在兴办教育、改良农业、流通金融、提倡合作、公共卫生和移风易俗的过程中所创造出的一些经验和方法,对于今天相关的农村工作有其借鉴的意义;第三、当时有成百上千的知识分子抛弃城市的优厚待遇和舒适的生活环境,“深入民间”,把他们所学到的知识文化和科学技术传授给农民,帮助他们扫除文盲和脱贫致富。对此,应予充分肯定。

The Rural Construction Movement in the 1920s and 1930s is a social reforming movement. That is to say, under the condition of defending the existing social system and order, the Rural Construction schools tried to revive the declining country economy and realize the ideal of Rebuilding the Nation or Self-rescue of the Nation by taking the measures of founding education, reforming agriculture, mobiling finance, advocating cooperation, improving the public sanitation, changing the custom and so on. The reforming character of the movement doesn＇t mean that the Rural Construction Movement was of no sense. Firstly, the measures of the Movement,had made great positive effects to solving the producing and living difficulties of the peasants, especially the owner peasants, and promoting the social development. Secondly, the experience and methods created in some experimental areas during the course of making these efforts is useful for us to draw lessons for the linked countryside work nowadays. Thirdly, at that time, hundreds of intellectuals abandoned the advantageous treatments and comfortable living circumstances in the city, penetrated into the countryside and propagated the knowledge and technology they learned to the peasants in order to help them to get rid of illiteracy and become rich. We must pay full positive attention to these effects of the Movement now.