小兴安岭通河林区原麝夏季对生境的选择

Summer habitat selection by Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) in Tonghe forest area in the Lesser Khingan Mountains

2004年8-9月，在通河县龙口林场采用样线样方法对原麝夏季生境的选择进行了研究。共设235个样方，其中原麝利用样方55个，采用卡方（Chi—square）统计进行显著性检验，结果表明原麝偏好利用针阔混交林，避免杂木林；倾向于选择离水源近、远离人为干扰的上坡位；一般喜欢有石砬子的山坡；对坡向的利用无选择性。对原麝利用样方和非利用样方进行比较，发现原麝生境具有海拔高、郁闭度小、食物丰富和坡度陡等特征。对各种生境因子的主成分分析表明，前6个特征值的累积贡献率达到73．30％，可以较好地反映原麝生境特征，根据载荷系数绝对值大小将原麝夏季生境选择影响因子分别命名为食物丰富度因子、植被因子、干扰因子、隐蔽度因子、地理因子和倒木因子。

Summer habitat selection by Siberian musk deer （Moschus moschiferus） was studied with transect line methods in the Lesser Khingan Mountains from August to September of 2004. Fifty-five sites used by musk deer were measured. Through Chi-square statistical analysis, we found musk deer preferred the coniferous broadleaved forests and avoided shaw forests. They often select upper slope locations near a water source with steep rocky slopes and far away from human disturbance. But they have almost no preference for slope direction. Compared with random plots, used sites were characterized by higher elevation, smaller canopy, better food abundance and steepest slope. Results of principal component analysis showed that the first 6 principal components explained 73. 30% of the total variance among all habitat variables. According to the absolute value of the coefficient, the 6 components were classified separately as food abundance factor, vegetation factor, disturbance factor, sheltering class factor, geography factor and fallen logs factor.