东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探

The Elementary Research of Gas Hydrate Associated with Mud Diapir Structure in the East China Sea

根据所获得的高分辨率地震资料分析,发现冲绳海槽南部西侧槽坡附近以及海槽内部发育有一系列泥火山(底辟)构造,在地形上表现为泥火山地貌,在穿过泥火山的地震剖面上,表现出典型的泥底辟构造。对穿过泥底辟构造的DMS01-5地震剖面进一步的处理和解释发现,泥底辟构造顶部存在明显的似海底反射(BSR),其与海底反射波组极性相反,在BSR之上存在振幅空白带,在速度谱上出现速度异常,指示存在与泥火山有关的天然气水合物。从世界广泛发现的与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物来看,天然气水合物既可以在泥底辟构造的丘状外围成藏,也可以在其外围的海底沉积物中产出。在泥底辟构造的丘状外围附近,天然气水合物的形成机制类似于传统的矿物低温热液的形成;在泥底辟构造外围海底沉积物中,其形成过程类似于传统的矿物交代形成机制。冲绳海槽泥底辟构造的发育与很高的沉积速率和槽坡的活动断层有关。在冰期期间,长江携带大量的陆源物质直接输送到大陆坡地区,沉积速率达300 m/Ma,产生异常高压,同时张性断层极为发育,为流体的迁移提供了良好的通道,在异常压力以及上覆地层压力作用下大量流体向上运移,从而发育大量的泥底辟构造。富含甲烷的流体易在其外围及外围海底沉积物中形成天然气水合物藏。

According to the analysis of seismic profile and bathymetry, some mud volcanoes or mud diapir structures were found in the west slope of the south Okinawa Trough. Bottom simulating reflector （ BSR）, polarity reversion, amplitude blanking zone and velocity anomaly express on the seismic profile DMS01-5, which indicate occurrence of gas hydrate related to mud volcanoes. Studies on gas hydrate related to mud volcanoes become more and more remarkable. Not only can gas hydrate form around the central part of the mud volcano but it can form at the peripheral part of the mud volcano. The development of mud volcanoes in the west of Okinawa Trough was due to the high sedimentary rate during glacial stage, overpressure of the strata and active faults. Methane-bearing fluid could form gas hydrate deposits around the mud volcano.