遥感、地图、地理信息系统—体化应用

INTEGRAL APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING,CARTOGRAPHY AND GIS

遥感、地图和地理信息系统（ＯＩＳ）三者呈“你中有我，我中有你”的相辅相成关系．三者一体化应用使地球科学得以进展，又能在资源开发、环境保护、自然灾害监测评价等方面发挥重要作用．一体化应用的基础是掌握三者的学科一技术特性与相通关系．

Remote Sensing (RS), Cartography and Geographic Information System (GIS) are complementary each other in science and technique. Their integral application has brought about a greatadvance in earth science, and plays an impotent role in resource development, environment protection and monitoring and assessment on the natural disasters. The integral application depends on having a good command of SCientific-technical characteristics of RS, Cartography and GIS,as well as nit6rlinking relationship between them.The integral application covers the entire process of monitoring and assessment on forest fire (forecasting of forest fire,forest fire distinguishing,airborne and astronautic,simulation of forest fire,fire-relief decision-making supported,assessment of fire-loss and ecological evaluation after the fire). On the basis of the division map of forest fire danger of China, the fire monitoring should carry out in the emphatic areas and be timely. GIS can not only support distinguishing forest fire from non-forest and determining the location of the fire point (field)effectively, but also provide the important information for simulation of forest fire,assessment on forest-loss and evaluation of ecological change after the fire. Remote sensing is a principal part of the techniques of monitoring and assessment on forest fire. The system of monitoring and assessment on forest fire established by using RS and by strong support of GIS and expert system has replaced RSimage processing-visaal interpretation-looking up the map by hands-man-made analysis and distinguishing. It is able to monitor the forest fire of less than 1 (km )2. The accuracy of detecting forest fire should achieve over 80%. It is able also to distinguish the forest fire covered by thin cloud. A preliminary assessment with accuracy of 85% and a detailed report with 95% of burnt area and damaged volume of forest should be presented respectively during 2d and 2 weeks.The model of assessment on ecological change after forest fire should provide scientific basis and support of policy decision for recovery and regeneration of the forest.