南充金腰燕、家燕繁殖生态比较及易卵易雏实验

Comparative breeding ecology of barn swallow and red-rumped swallow in Nanchong and an experiment of interchanging their eggs and nestlings.

2004年3～10月对四川南充地区家燕、金腰燕的繁殖生态进行了观察,比较了其繁殖生态习性及雏鸟的生长特性,进行了家燕、金腰燕之间的易卵易雏实验.结果表明,家燕于2月中旬迁入南充,9月中旬开始迁离;金腰燕迁来较家燕晚,2月底～3月初迁入,9月中旬迁离.家燕于4月初产卵;金腰燕在4月上旬产卵.金腰燕卵的各项量衡度均较家燕的大,出壳时金腰燕雏鸟体重也比家燕雏鸟稍重.金腰燕雏鸟的体长、翅长、尾长、外部器官及体重的增长较家燕的快.而易卵、易雏的金腰燕雏鸟增长曲线则在金腰燕和家燕的雏鸟之间.易卵易雏的实验表明,在孵卵和育雏过程中,金腰燕与家燕之间彼此互换卵可以接受,易换雏鸟也可以接受.

From March to October in 2004, observations were made on the breeding ecology of barn swallow （ Hirundo rustica ） and red-rumped swallow （ H. daurica ） in Nanchong of Sichuan Province, China, and the characteristics of their nestlings were studied with 16 nests of barn swallow and 14 nests of red rumped swallow. The two species of swallows were similar in breeding ecology and features. Barn swallow immigrated to Nanchong in mid-February and to the south in mid September, while red rumped swallow immigrated to Nanehong after barn swallow and to the south in mid-September. The first brood of barn swallow was laid in early April, and that of red-rumped swallows was laid in the first ten days of the month. The egg of red-rumped swallow was bigger than that of barn swallow, and the nestling weight of red-rumped swallow after shelling was slightly bigger than that of barn swallow. The accretions of body length, wing length, tail length, morphological organs and body weight of red-rumped swallow nestlings were faster than those of barn swallow nestlings. The growth curve of red-rumped swallow nestlings after interchanging eggs and nestlings was between that of red-rumped swallow and barn swallow. It was proved that interchanging the eggs and nestlings between barn swallow and red-rumped swallow was acceptable.