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互花米草生境与滩涂围垦的响应——以海州湾顶区为例 被引量:11

Entironment of Spartina alterniflora and Its Response to Tidal Flat Reclamation-A Case Study of Haizhou Bay Top
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摘要 江苏沿海为全国最大的互花米草人工盐沼区,面积达1.25×104hm2以上。江苏滩涂围垦由来已久,随着条件较好的潮上带已大部分被围垦,自然盐沼日趋减少,互花米草已成为许多岸段的主要建群物种;同时,新围区的起围高程逐渐降低,围垦难度也在增加。互花米草具有强生命力、高生产力和扩张优势,其立地条件、生态位对滩面的动态变化、拟围区起围高程及围堤走向有着指示作用。以海州湾顶区为例,选择3个实测断面及1978—2003年8个时相的卫片,分析了海州湾顶区海岸动态变化及互花米草盐沼的扩展,得出该岸段稳定淤长,最大速率为20m/a,老海堤外高滩面积已超过300hm2,高滩外互花米草分布宽带在200~1200m之间,已具备围垦的初步条件;根据互花米草生态位及平均高潮线,确定拟围区起围高程为2.84m。但是,围垦活动必须考虑到海州湾开敞型海湾的复杂性及其对临洪河口和排水闸的影响,并保证盐沼湿地的恢复能力。 Spartina Alterniflora salt marsh of Jiangsu coast,the biggest area in China,covers an area over 1.25×10^4ha.Spartina Alterniflora usually spreads between the mean spring high tidal level and the mean tidal level.Jiangsu coast has the supra tidal flats have been reclaimed,and a long history of reclamation.Nowadays,much of native salt marsh decreased gradually.Spartina A lterniflora has become the main vegetable species of salt marsh in Jiangsu coast.Meanwhile, seawalls of the newly reclaimed areas were built on the gradual lowering tidal flat,hence the construction of the seawalls of reclamation becomes more and more difficult.Spartina A lternilTora has a strong vitality and productivity,with an expanding dominance on tidal flat environment.Its standing condition,and ecological niche are the indicators of dynamic condition of the tidal flat, height of the outer line of the area to be reclaimed as well as the direction of seawall of the reclaimed area.Taking Haizhou Bay Top as a case in this paper, three fieldwork sections and eight phases of satellite imageries from 1978 to 2003 are collected to analyse the dynamic change of coast and spread of Spartina alterniflora along Haizhou Bay.The result indicates that the primary condition of the tide flat for inning becomes possible because of the steady elevation of the coast.The rate of elevation is 20m/a,the area of high intertidal flat outside the old seawall is 300ha,the width of Spartina alterniflora Loisel distributed belt outside intertidal flat is from 200m to 1 200m.The height of the outer line of the proposed reclaimed area is 2.84m according to the mean high tide level and ecological niche of Spartina alterniflora.However,the complexity of open-type bay,including the influence on Linhong River estuary and other drainage sluice as well as salt marsh restoration should be taken into account in tideland reclamation along the Haizhou Bay Top.
出处 《自然资源学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2006年第2期280-287,共8页 Journal of Natural Resources
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(40401059) 江苏省高校自然科学计划项目(04KJD470220)
关键词 互花米草 扩展 滩涂围垦 海州湾顶 Spartina alterniflora expansion tideland reclamation Haizhou Bay Top
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