温度、盐度对凡纳滨对虾精荚再生和精子质量的影响

Effect of temperature and salinity on spermatophore regeneration and sperm quality in Litopenaeus vannamei

研究了3种不同温度和盐度对凡纳滨对虾精荚再生和精子质量的影响。通过称量精荚以及采用染色或显微镜观察养殖在不同温、盐度条件下的雄虾的精子数量和正常率来评价精子质量。结果表明:随着实验养殖时间的延长和精荚再生次数的增加,26℃组的精子质量明显好于22℃组和30℃组,30℃组的活精子数由第1次再生的14.0×106个下降到4.3×106个,畸形精子百分率由6.1%增加到56.6%。温度越高,蜕皮周期越短,精荚再生时间也越短,但精子质量下降也很迅速。盐度30组的精荚重量显著高于盐度5组和15组,但盐度15的精子总数和活精子数却显著高于盐度5组和30组,随着时间的延长,3组盐度的畸形精子百分率都有所增加,其中盐度5组增加得最快。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three different temperatures and salinities on spermatophore regeneration and sperm quality in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The spermatophores weights were weighed and sperm qualities were evaluated through dyeing and observing under fight-microscope when shrimps were cultured in different temperature and salinity conditions. Results showed that total sperm count and normal sperm count of shrimps held at 26 ℃ were significantly higher than that of shrimps at 22 ℃ and 30 ℃. Normal sperm count of shrimps held at 30 ℃ reduced from 14.0 million to 4.3 million, and abnormal sperm increased from 6.1% to 56.6%. The higher the temperature was, the shorter the intermoult cycle became, but the sperm quality of shrimps maintained at higher temperature （30 ℃ ） was worse than those of shrimp at lower temperature （26, 22 ℃ ）. Spermatophore weight of shrimps held at a salinity of 30 was significantly higher than those of shrimp at 5 and 15, but total and normal sperm count of shrimps held at a salinity of 15 was significantly higher than those of shrimps at 5 and 30. With the experiment period lasting, percentage of abnormal sperm of shrimps held at three different salinities increased, especially at 5. The research will he helpful to the shrimp hatcheries for shrimp reproduction in male broedstock selection and culture.