1228例新生儿听力筛查及相关因素分析

Screening and analysis of 1 228 newborns hearing and its relative factors

目的：了解先天性听力损害在新生儿中的发病率和影响新生儿听力筛查的部分因素。方法：采用3阶段筛查法，即出生后以耳声发射进行初筛；出生42d复筛；未通过者用脑于诱发电位最后确诊。结果：1908例住院分娩新生儿中共筛查1228例（64．36％），初筛通过1104例（89．99％），124例需复筛者，实际筛查110例。最后确诊听力损害7例，新生儿听力筛查通过率与检测时的天龄有关，新生儿出生0—3d的初筛通过率为76．09％，4～10d通过率为93．10％，孕36-41周、分娩方式、性别、耳别对初筛通过率无明显影响。结论：东营市西城区新生儿先天性听力损害的发病率为5．7‰，与发达国家相比较高。新生儿听力筛查应在出生3d后进行，通过筛查可及早发现新生儿听力损失，并进行早期干预，有效促进婴幼儿语言的发育。

Objective： To investigate the morbidity of congenital hearing impairment among newborns and relative factors. Methods： Initial screening of hearing by otoacoustic emission （OAE） was conducted among 1 228 newborns, 638 males and 590 females after they were born. The second screening was conducted by OAE 42 days later. Newborns with positive results were examined by auditory brainstem response （ABR） . Results： A total of 1 908 newborns were available but only 1 228 newborns （64. 36% ） for initial screening before discharge from hospital. 1104 （89. 99% ） passed and 124 failed the first screening, but only 110 newborns received the second screen. At last 7 newborns were further confirmed to have hearing loss by ABR. There was some relationship between prevalence and testing time. The average prevalence was 76.09% in newborns 0 ～ 3 days , the average prevalence was 93. 10% in newborns 4 ～ 10 days. The time of pregnancy over 36 weeks , the way of parturition, laterality, sexual distinction had not any significant effect on the prevalence rate. Conclusion： The incidence of newborns impairment in west city proper of Dongying in Shandong province is 5.07%0. The hearing screening test of newborns should be taken 3 days after birth. Newborns hearing impairment can be identified early in the hospital by TEOAE and ABR so as to provide amplification early and promote development of speech and language.