同部首词的构成和结构分析

The lexical formation and structural analysis of mono-radical words

所谓"同部首词",是"同部首字构成的词"的简略说法。同部首词数量不菲,在古今汉语中都是双字词的一个重要类别。同部首词最容易引起人们注意的是单纯词中的连绵词,而单纯性的外来词和合成性的复合词中也同样存在着数量可观的同部首词。连绵词、外来词在形成过程中都可能有过从由异部首字构成到由同部首字构成的过渡的历程,复合词在形成过程中有一些也存在着选择异部首字还是同部首字构成的问题。在同部首词的构成问题上,词形用字的类化现象不容忽视,词形用字的相似性对此类词意义的形成和表现所具有的作用更值得关注。同部首词这类词汇现象的存在,或可说明汉字在汉语词的构成过程中起着虽不彰显却又不可小视的作用。

Abundant in Chinese,mono-radical words (MRW),or words composed of characters with the same radical,constitutes an important category of disyllabic words in both ancient and contemporary Chinese.Disyllabic simple words are the most noticeable MRW.MRW is also abundant in loan words and compounds,which might have been composed of characters with different radicals before they finally became mono-radical.The forming of compounds also involves the selection of mono- radical vs.poly-radical characters.The analogy effect based on the characters' morphological similarity in forming MRW should not be ignored,which greatly affects their meanings.As a lexical phenomenon,MRW may reveal the subtle but unavoidable influence of Chinese characters on the forming of Chinese words.