近自然林业理论评价

Opinion of Theory of Close-to-Nature Forestry

近自然林业理论的基本内涵是模仿自然,接近自然。其遵循的原则:珍惜立地潜力、因地适树、针阔混交、复层异龄经营等。从生态学角度,指出近自然林业批判人工纯林思想,以遵循自然规律为前提,其追求目标是生态意义和经济意义上有机结合的可持续发展,追求森林健康和森林安全。从哲学角度,认为近自然林业目标是实现人与自然的和谐,森林的管理应纳入生态系统整体中把握。尽管先进的近自然林业理论为欧洲发达国家普遍接受,但从生产的实际出发,其还存在自身的局限性,如对技术依赖度高,经营成本高,周期性长等。

The connotation of close-to-nature theory is to imitate nature and approach nature. Its principle is to cherish the potential of stand, coniferious forest and broad-leaved forest mixed, suitable trees for the local, etc. The paper points out that close-to-nature forestry criticizes idea of pure forest, adjusts to the order of nature, pursuing ecological and economic sustainable development, healthy and secure forest. And from the aspects philosophy ethics, its objective is to realize harmonious relationship of human beings and nature, and forest management be put into the whole of ecosystem. Although close-to-nature forestry theory is advanced and widely accepted by European counties, it has some limitatiom in practice, such as too dependent on technology, high cost of＇management and long-term production, and so on.