教育均衡发展:理论、指标及测算方法

Educational Balancing Development: Theory, Target and Measuring Methods

教育均衡实质上是指在教育公平思想和教育平等原则的支配下,教育机构和受教育者在教育活动中有平等待遇的理想和确保其实际操作的教育政策和法律制度。教育均衡发展的本质是追求教育平等,实现教育公平。教育均衡发展从宏观层面分析是教育供给与需求的均衡,从中观层面分析是教育资源配置的均衡,从微观层面分析是学校教育过程包括内部课程教学资源配置的均衡、教育结果的均衡以及教育评价的均衡。教育均衡发展是一个历史范畴,按其实现程度可分为四个阶段。建立适应我国国情的基础教育特别是义务教育均衡发展指数,科学地选择基础教育均衡发展的要素,明确基础教育均衡发展的目标,具有重要的现实意义。数据分析表明,我国基础教育从整体上看正在趋向均衡。

In substance, educational balance means the ideal that educational organizations and people who receive education enjoy equal treatment in educational activities under the thought of fair education and principle of educational equity, and the educational policy as well as legal system that guarantee its actual operations. The essence of educational balancing development is to pursue educational equity and realize fair education. Viewing from macroanalysis, it is the balance of educational supply and demand. Viewing form mesoanalysis, it is the balance of educational resource disposition. Viewing for micro analysis, it is the balance of school teaching process including the internal curriculum teaching resource disposition, and the balance of educational results as well as educational evaluation. Educational balancing development is a historical category, which can be divided into 4 stages according to its achievement level. It is of great significance to establish the balancing index of fundamental educational development, especially the compulsory educational development, which is suitable for our national conditions and reality, to scientifically select the elements and to clarify the target of fundamental educational balancing development. According to the data analysis, the balancing index of our fundamental education is tending to balance as a whole.