郑州市主要蔬菜和水果硝酸盐污染状况调查

Study on the Nitrate Pollution in Vegetables and Fruits in Zhengzhou

通过对郑州市主要蔬菜和水果取样调查,采用紫外法测定了57个蔬菜和水果样品中硝酸盐含量,参比硝酸盐含量分级评价标准,分析了目前郑州市主要蔬菜和水果食用的安全状况,提出了降低果蔬中硝酸盐含量的有效措施。结果表明:根据国家标准[3,4],所测样品中瓜果类、叶菜类蔬菜和水果没有超标样品,根茎类蔬菜白萝卜8个样品超标,超标率为72.7%;按照沈明珠提出的蔬菜硝酸盐卫生评价标准[5],瓜果类蔬菜和水果均在轻度污染范围内,都可直接生食;根茎类蔬菜白萝卜18.2%为中度污染,不宜生食,盐渍或熟食允许,81.8%为高度污染和严重污染,不允许生食和盐渍食用,只能烹熟后食用;叶菜类白菜污染较高,已达高度和严重污染程度,不允许生食和盐渍食用,只能烹熟后食用。

According to the nitrate contents in vegetables and fruits sampled in Zhengzhou and the evaluation standards for nitrate pollution, the food safety of vegetables and fruits at present was discussed, and the effect methods for minimizing the nitrate contents were pointed out at the same time. The result shows： Ac- cording to national standards, in the samples examined, melon-fruit and leaf dish vegetables and fruit do not exceed standard, 8 samples of white turnip of rhizome vegetables exceed standard, the exceeding standard rate is 72. 7%; According to the vegetables nitrate hygiene evaluation criterion that Shen Mingzhu put forward, melon and fruit vegetables and fruit are within the range of slight pollution, can eat raw directly; 18.2% of white turnips of rhizome vegetables are within the range of intermediate degree pollution, unsuitable to eat raw, after salt steeping or cooking is allowed, 81.8% are within the range of highly and seriously pollution, unsuitable to eat raw and after salt steeping, can only eat after cooking; Leaf dish vegetables cabbage are within the range of highly and seriously pollution, unsuitable to eat raw and after salt steeping, can only eat after cooking.