地膜覆盖保墒灌溉的土壤水、热以及作物效应研究

Study on the Effect of Irrigation under Plastic Preservation of Soil Moisture on Soil and Crop

通过小区试验研究了不同的地膜覆盖保墒灌溉措施对土壤水分动态变化、土壤微生物、土壤温度、玉米生长状况、生理生态指标以及产量等的影响。结果表明，地膜覆盖后0-50cm土壤含水量覆膜的明显高于未覆膜处理，在玉米整个生育期内，未灌溉处理的地膜0-20cm的含水量较对照平均提高6．1％，20—50cm较对照平均提高3．38％，50—100cm较对照平均提高1．57％。覆膜后耕层土壤细菌、赦线菌、真菌平均分别是对照的4．1倍、2．08倍和2．41倍。覆膜后叶片光合和蒸腾速率均较对照有所增加，相同灌溉量条件下，地膜处理的玉米产量较对照平均增产14．24％、9．4％和11．15％，对于覆膜或不覆膜处理，其产量均随着灌溉水量的增加而增加。

Based on the experiment, we studied the effect of plastic mulching on soil water content, soil microorganism, soil temperature, status of maize growing and final yield. The result showed that the soil moisture from 0 to 50 centimeter is higher than control when covered by plastic. In the whole growth duration of maize, compared with control, increased percentage of soil moisture treated by plastic within 0 - 20 cm is 6.1,20 - 50 is 3.38, 50 - 100 cm is 1.57. In addition, covered by plastic, soil bacteria, actinomycete and fungi is 4.1 times, 2.08 times and 2.41 times than control. Photosynthesis and transpiration rate of plastic mulching is higher than control and the yield of plastic mulching at the same irrigation increased by the percent of 14.24, 9.4 and 11. 154 than control respectively. We also found that the yield is increased with the incensement of irrigation.