山东省粮食作物的化肥施用状况分析

Analysis of fertilizer application on grain crops in Shandong province

在农户抽样调查数据的基础上,分析了山东省粮食作物上施用化肥的状况。通过对山东省不同地区2003年施肥状况调查并结合统计资料分析表明,粮食作物上施肥占化肥总投入的比例逐年在下降,但单位面积化肥投入量却稳步提高。在氮肥的品种构成中,低浓度的碳酸氢铵提供了46.8%的施氮量,仍占有重要地位。山东省粮食作物单位面积化肥平均用量为251.1 kg/hm2,其中小麦平均施肥量最高,达到277.6 kg/hm2;另外就施氮量来说,玉米施氮量最高,平均用量为175.2 kg/hm2;小麦施磷量最高,平均用量为97.6 kg/hm2;薯类施钾量最高,平均用量为55.7 kg/hm2。从施肥的氮磷比例来看,小麦上施用化肥的氮磷比例为1∶0.7,高于推荐施肥比例,玉米上施用化肥的氮磷比例为1∶0.25,低于推荐施肥比例。

Status of fertilizer application on grain crops was analyzed by using data from farmer household investigation and statistics in Shandong province, the followings were the results： The fertilizer proportion that the grain crops account for was gradually declining year by year, but the amount of fertilizer use per unit was rising in the same time. In the structure of the fertilizer consumption, the amount of ABC （ammonium bicarbonate） accounts for 46.8% of total nitrogen. The average consumption of nitrogen was the highest in the corn and that of phosphate was the highest in wheat. The ratio of NP in the wheat was 1 ： 0.7 and was 1 ： 0.25 in com.