中国儿童乙型肝炎疫苗预防接种效果分析

Seroepidemiological Study on Hepatitis B in Chinese Children

目的了解中国现阶段儿童乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（HBV）感染现状，评价乙肝疫苗（HepB）纳入儿童计划免疫管理所取得的效果。方法利用“2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查”保留的血清开展HBV相关指标血清学检测。以美国Abbott公司乙肝酶联免疫吸附试验（EILSA）试剂为标准选择我国乙肝ELISA检测试剂，并用固相放射免疫（SPRIA）方法校对检测结果。结果①中国3～12岁儿童乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率、HBV感染流行率经调整后分别为5．03％、29．10％；疫苗免疫人群分别为3．63％、26．88％；未接种疫苗人群分别为11．19％、47．03％。②中国3～12岁儿童城市、农村HBsAg阳性率分别为2．07％、8．17％；疫苗免疫人群分别为1．96％、6．65％；未接种疫苗人群分别为2．39％、10．84％。结论我国3～12岁儿童HgsAg阳性率、HBV流行率明显下降，HepB纳入儿童计划免疫管理效果显著。

Objective To better understand and measure the effect from 10-year immunization activities, we conducted seroepidemiological study using the remaining blood samples of the nationwide survey of Nutrition and Health in Chinese residents in 2002. Methods HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in blood samples were tested using ELISA reagents and revised by SPRIA and Abbott ELISA reagents. Results Among the children aged 3- 12 year-old, the prevalence rate of HBsAg is 5.03%, the rate of HBV infection is 29.10%. For the vaccinated children, the rates are 3.63% and 26.88 % respectively. For the unvaccinated children, the rates are 11.19 % and 47.03 % respectively. Among the children, the rate of HBsAg is 2.07% in urban areas and 8.17% in rural areas. For the vaccinated children, the rate of HBsAg is 1.96 % in urban areas and 6.65 % in rural areas. For the unvaccinated children, the rate of HBsAg is 2.39 % in urban areas and 10.84 % in rural areas. Conclusion The prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV infection have obviously declined in the children aged 3 - 12 year-old. And the effect from 10-years immunization activities has achieved great success.