中国中西部地区新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗首针及时接种状况调查

Study on Hepatitis B Birth Dose Coverage in the Western and Midlevel Provinces of China

目的了解中国中西部地区新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗首针(HepB1)及时接种现况,探讨提高新生儿HepB1及时接种率的方法。方法按照卫生部/全球疫苗免疫联盟合作项目办公室的统一要求,2004年对22个项目省(自治区、直辖市,下同)27 459名2003年出生儿童,2005年对5个项目省10 843名2004年出生儿童、1 116名2005年出生儿童的HepB1及时接种情况开展现场调查。结果中西部地区新生儿HepB1及时接种率是:2004年出生儿童(81.55%)高于2003年出生儿童(74.01%);医院出生儿童(85.36%)高于在家出生儿童(19.00%);县级及以上医院出生儿童(88.27%)高于乡镇卫生院(71.74%)。结论中西部地区新生儿HepB1及时接种率正在逐年提高,同时也揭示提高在家出生、在乡镇卫生院出生儿童的HepB1及时接种率,是今后工作的重点。

Objective To better understand the timely delivery of Hepatitis B birth dose and try to find out ways to improve the coverage of Hepatitis B birth dose of the Central and Western Provinces of China. Methods According to the Alliance of the MOH/GAVI Project, a questionnaire and local survey for the coverage of Hepatitis B birth dose was carried out in the areas selected from the GAVI Project Provinces. Results The coverage rate of Hepatitis B birth dose was 74.01% in the children born in 2003, and for 2004, the rate was 81.55 % o The coverage of Hepatitis B birth dose in the children born in the hospitals （81.55%） was higher than those born in home （19%）. The coverage of Hepatitis B birth dose in the children born in hospitals at country levels （88.27 % ） is better than those born in township hospitals. Conclusion The results showed that the coverage of Hepatitis B birth dose was gradually increasing in the Central and Western Provinces, especially in the children born in home, since Hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into the Expanded Program on Immunization （EPI） and suggested that it was important to improve the coverage of Hepatitis B birth dose in the children born in village hospitals and home in the future.