中国大鸨研究进展及保护对策

Progress in Researches of Great Bustard(Otis tarda) in China and its Conservation Strategy

通过统计1959-2005年关于大鸨的研究文献,分别从就地保护、迁地保护两个方面进行分析。结果表明:有关大鸨的研究虽从1959年开始,但直到80年代才逐渐形成系统,其中,就地保护研究数量(67．2％)多于迁地保护的研究数量(32．8％)。迁地保护和就地保护都存在研究内容比较基础的问题。在大鸨的就地保护中,保护区没有真正发挥其功效;大鸨迁地保护工作虽取得一定成就,能够保持人工饲养种群数量的基本稳定,但人工繁育技术只在部分地区取得成功,另外,应激和疾病仍是影响大鸨迁地保护工作的主要因素。本文针对目前中国大鸨现状提出保护对策,着重强调环境保护和科研合作。

Literatures on the research of the Great bustard （Otis tarda） from 1959 to 2005 were collected and analyzed in 2 aspects; in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation. The first literature was published in 1959 and in 1980s, literatures became gradually published in series; among them, 67.2%were on in-situ conservation, much more than 32.8% on ex-situ conservation. Analysis of literatures showed that nature reserves did not play an effective role in in-situ conservation, while ex-situ conservation had gained certain effect in the maintenance of a stable population, yet only in some region, artificial reproduction had gained some success. In addition, stress and diseases were still the main function in ex-situ conservation. Conservation strategies of the great bustard was then discussed, focusing on the cooperative affect of environment, conservation and researches.