中国女子曲棍球队的伤病特点与康复对策

Invaliding characteristics and rehabilitative strategy in Chinese female hockey team members

目的:分析中国女子曲棍球运动员的运动损伤发生特点,以便进行长期、连续的运动医务监督和康复指导,制定康复对策。方法:选择中国女子曲棍球队2003-09/2004-08参加集训的全体运动员共27人。参加奥运会比赛的运动员为16人。平均年龄24.03岁,平均身高168.67cm,平均体质量61.74kg,平均参加正式国际比赛场次为51.41场。所有受伤运动员均进行病历记载,并对病历进行分析研究,诊断依据为症状、体征检查及必要的影像学检查。通过专项身体素质测试和专项技术测试,分析运动员技术动作及特点熏制定和指导伤病运动员的康复训练和康复评定。结果:27人全部进入结果分析。①损伤发生的阶段性特点:随着体能与技战术训练的节奏与间隔的变化,急、慢性损伤的发生与发作差异性明显,阶段性训练的开始2周和每周的前2日是伤病发作的高危时间区。②损伤与身体素质、专项技术训练的关系:伤病主要为慢性下腰痛、膝关节劳损、急性肌肉拉伤和急性距小腿关节(踝关节)扭伤等方面。41%的队员腰腹肌力不足,不能完成20次的斜板(60°)收腹举腿训练;69%常出现过劳性腰痛;部分队员存在下肢肌力的不平衡。结论:中国女子曲棍球队员的损伤,总体上是身体条件与训练不相适应的结果。建议对身体素质训练与专项技术动作、训练密度与节奏、训练计划与安排做出安全评价与监督的同时,必须重视运动员的个体性差异,做好康复预防:①以均衡的全面身体素质尤其是专项身体素质训练保护专项训练的安全。②根据运动员具体情况,在全面身体素质训练的基础上,采用个性化的专项素质训练方案。③慢性劳损重视相关代偿能力的强化训练,加强安全训练与康复训练的结合。④预防急性损伤的发生。

AIM： To analyze the feature of sports injuries in Chinese women hockey team so as to make rehabilitation strategy and strengthen sport medical supervision continually longstanding. METHODS： In annual training between September 2003 and August 2004 27 athletes from Chinese female hockey team were enrolled. Sixteen persons took part in the Olympic Games, with an average age of 24.03 years old, and average height of 168.67 cm and average body mass of 61.74 kg. They had joined formal international competition about 51.41 times, averagely. Medical history was recorded in all the injured athletes and the medical record was analyzed and researched. All sports injuries cases were examined by symptom, clinical Technical action and feature of signs and imaging technique. athletes were analyzed, and rehabilitative training and rehabilitative evaluation in injured athletes were established and structured by testing fitness and technique of hockey. RESULTS： Totally 27 persons were involved in the result analysis. ①Stage characteristics of injury： With the change of rhythm and alternation of physical ability and tactics, the difference between occurrence and episode of acute and chronic injury was significant. Most injuries occurred during two weeks beginning training cycle and tow days ahead every week. ② Relationship of injury with physical quality and special technique training： Chronic low back pain, knee overuse injury, acute muscle strain and acute sprained ankle were the most frequent types of injury. 41% team members were lack of lumbar and abdominal muscle strength, and could not do the abdomen-contracting leg-elevating training on 20-time tiltboard 60°; 69% of them had overwork lumbag; Part of team members were unbalance on muscle strength of lower limb. CONCLUSION： Players injured with less suitability between fitness and training in Chinese women hockey. Author suggests that strengthening sports medical supervision in about fitness, athletic technical activity, rhythm and intermittent of exercise, planning and organizing training. Athlete must also be need the individual difference and rehabilitative prevention： ①protecting in activity with balance of fitness of general and particular, ②according to the concrete condition of athletes and based on the whole training on physical quality, using an appropriate activity conditioning program for everyone, ③strengthening function compensation appropriate to chronic and overuse injury, strengthening safety in training with rehabilitation exercise, and ④reventing acute injury.