清代中朝边境互市贸易的演变探析(1636—1894)

A Study on the Border Mutual Trade Between China and Korea in the Qing Dynasty

与明代及后金时期相比较而言,清代中朝互市前期的边境贸易具有持续稳定,管理有序;鲜明的宗藩特色;交易品种相对固定等特点。19世纪80年代,中朝迫于形势调整了边境互市贸易政策。与中朝互市前期边境贸易相比照,互市后期边境贸易确实发生了巨大变化:中朝通商贸易中政治因素逐渐淡化、通商要素更自由化、交易形式和制度的规范化及清政府对互市贸易管理的专门化。这些意味着中朝间的通商关系开始向近代国际贸易关系转变。

Compared with those in the Ming Dynasty and the later Jin Dynasty, the border mutual trade between China and Korea in the Qing Dynasty during the earlier stage had the features of sustaining stability. In development and management in good order with distinctive patriarchal feature, as well as relatively stable trade varieties. In the 1880s, the situations forced the two countries to revise the policy of the border mutual trade. Afterwards,great changes took place in the border mutual trade during the later stage oampared to the early stage. With the political factors in the trade between China and Korea less powerful little by little, the further liberalization of trade components, the standardization of trade forms and policies and the specialization of the management in the border mutual trade of the Qing government signified that the trade relation between China and Korean began to transform to a modem intemational trade relation.