传统延续与制度创新——近代福州的社会救济事业研究

Continuance of Tradition and Innovation of System-Study of Social Relief in Modern Fuzhou

福州传统时期的社会救济以个人善行、善社善举和官办惠政为主要形式,带着明显的道德色彩。清末民初,官督绅办的地方自治机构试图重组社会救济事业。国民政府初期,当局也提出了改造方案。但限于当时的历史条件,这些努力都失败了。而民间主导的社会救济事业,则利用了既有的救济传统和社会资源,实现了全国化、全城化与社区化的发展,创造出一套以社会组织的普遍参与为特征的“整体性应对”的救济机制,展示出延续传统与制度创新之间的内在联系。

The paper observes the social relief in traditional and modern China with the case of Fuzhou. It points out that in the traditional China there were three forces to take part into the social relief.They were the personal charities, the charity organizations and the government. In the Late Qing and the early Republic of China, the machinery of local autonomy under the official supervision and local-elitist management tried to recompose the traditional social relief. In 1927-1937, the government made an effort to improve the official social relief institutions. But these efforts were restricted. On the other hand, the social relief that managed by the non-government organizations and based on the heritage developed into the scale of whole country, whole city and communities. It developed a ＂whole-front＂ strategy. These demonstrate the relation between the continuance of tradition and innovation of system.