分配正义、权利正义与权力的正当性——从司法审查的视角看罗尔斯与诺齐克的正义之争

Distributional Justice,Right Justice and the Legitimacy of Power:Understanding the Debates on Justice between Rawls and Nozick from the Perspective of Judicial Review

司法审查的真正目的,并不在于审查公共权力是否应当为了改善经济处境最差者的境遇,而对社会资源进行重新分配,而是审查在实行分配正义的过程中,公共权力与政府行为本身的正当性。通过对权力正当性的司法审查,可以调和经济领域中的自由与平等的关系。我们需要的是一种自由基础上的公平正义观,并致力于在意识形态、制度与公共政策三个向度上,实现自由基础上的公平正义。

In dealing with some constitutional cases concerning the relation between equality and liberty in the economic field, the practical aim of judicial review is to check the legitimacy of the public power and the governmental actions during the course of pursuing the distributional justice rather than to judge whether or not the public power Should redistribute the social resources in order to improve the conditions of those poorest people. By means of checking the legitimacy of power, the relations between liberty and equality in the economical area can be accommodated. We need breed a view of equal justice based on the liberty, and attempt to realize at the ideological, institutional, and public policy＇ s levels.