植被封禁保护是黄土高原植被恢复的重要措施

Closing Hillsides to Facilitate Afforestation:An Important Measure for the Vegetation Restoration of the Loess Plateau in China

概述了黄土高原地区的植被资源现状及分布规律,分析了该地区实施植被封禁保护(包括封山育林和禁牧、轮牧)的必要性和可行性。对于封山育林和禁牧的实施效果、存在的问题及对策进行了说明。指出黄土高原地区今后的封山育林工作应该向工程化、规范化的方向发展。提出黄土高原天然次生林区应该长期坚持“封山育林为主,辅之以人工措施”的经营策略。实行封禁保护为主的林区经营方式,适当辅助以人工促进(抚育、补植等)措施。另外,在黄土高原以农牧业为主的厚层黄土区和北部草原区等应该实施封山禁牧或轮牧,提倡舍饲圈养。黄土高原地区的封山育林和禁牧工作要与农村经济发展和产业结构调整紧密结合,才能长期实行下去。

The quantity and distribution of vegetation resources in loess plateau was analyzed. Closing hillsides and prohibiting grazing （rotational grazing） is very necessary and feasible for vegetation restoration. Also, the two means had good effect in the vegetation construction practice. The problems and in the two means was expounded. The developing direction of closing hillsides and prohibiting grazing should be engineering and criterion in the future. This text brings forward ＂closing the hillsides to facilitate afforestation was the main instrumentality and the artificial promotion measures was assistant instrumentality＂ as the long-term management strategy of secondary forest region of the loess plateau. Closing hillside and protecting natural vegetation should be regarded as long-term measure in the natural forest region. For facilitating the effect of closing hillside, the promoted artificial instrumentality was also necessary. Prohibiting grazing or rotation grazing was also key measure in the vast thick loess region and the noahem grassland of the loess plateau. Raising hvestoek in enclosure was advocated. But China＇s economic condition should be taken into consideration when prohibiting grazing, the eyeless full-scale prohibiting grazing should be avoided, in some degree the rotation grazing may be fitter for the loess area. When closing hillsides and prohibiting grazing, the actual rural economic development and industry structure adjustment should be fully considered.