外科护士工作压力及其相关因素调查研究

A survey of work stress and its related factors of nurses in surgery department

[目的]探讨外科护士工作压力的相关因素。[方法]采用问卷调查法,对459名外科临床护士的工作压力程度、压力源、压力应对、社会支持状况及人口学特征进行分析研究。[结果]外科护士工作压力的相关因素中,负向作用因素有护士的佣工性质、外科护理工作、寻求信息及帮助、设立解决问题的具体目标;正向作用因素有紧急的工作性质、工作无成就感、工资及福利待遇低、沉重的工作负荷、工作地位低、深造机会少且需要不断学习才能胜任现任的工作、管理问题;压力应对指标中担心、脑力结合体力活动、紧张及有些神经过敏、独处、将问题解决、接受现实、回避等。[结论]外科护士的工作压力中正向作用因素影响较大。建议减少或消除压力正向作用因素,提供护士压力释放的组织和设施;通过培训提高外科护士压力应对能力,促进其心理健康。

Objective： To probe into the related factors of work stress of nurses in surgery department. Method ： A total of 459 clinical surgical nurses were analyzed on degree of their work stress, sources of work stress, coping style, social support and demography characteristics by filling out questionnaires. Result： Among the related factors of work stress of surgical nurses, negative factors were included the employment properties, surgical nursing care work, searching for information and help, and confirming concrete objectives to solve problems. The positive factors were included emergency work characteristics, sense of non - achievement in work, the lower pay and welfare, heavy workload, lower job position, less chances of further study, the need of continuous study to fulfill the current work and management. And work stress coping indexes were worry, mental and physical labor activities, tension, nervousness, staying alone, solving problems, accepting reality and avoidance and so on. Conclusion： Among the work stress of surgical nurses, the positive factors had more obviously influences. It suggested that to diminish or to eliminate positive factors of the stress, to provide an organi- zation and establishment for nurses to relieve themselves, to enhance surgical nurses＇ stress coping ability by training so as to promote their psychological health.